环境噪声自动监测系统建设与运行的探讨

结合常州市环境噪声自动监测系统的建设和运行,建议子站位置合理避开非正常干扰因素,有效进行机箱的降温和安全防护,同时对数据比对监测等方面进行探讨,对各地陆续开展的噪声自动监测系统建设有所帮助。     

Review on Quantitative Research Methods of Regional Sustainable Development in China

Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, probl...     

突发环境事件应急监测的质量控制

质量控制是保证突发环境事件应急监测质量的重要手段。影响突发环境事件应急监测质量的主要因素有人员技术水平、仪器设备、方法、量值溯源性、数据库与模型等。从人员、仪器设备维护与保养、方法比对、量值溯源、期间核查、数据库和模型的维护与升级等方面进行控制,对提高应急监测质量,发挥预警作用具有重要意义。     

Weighted Regressions on Time,Discharge, and Season (WRTDS), with an Application to Chesapeake Bay River Inputs1

Hirsch, Robert M., Douglas L. Moyer, and Stacey A. Archfield, 2010. Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS), With an Application to Chesapeake Bay River Inputs. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(5):857-880. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00482.x Abstract: A new approach to the analysis of long-term surface water-quality data is proposed and implemented. The goal of this approach is to increase the amount of information that is extracted from the types of rich water-quality datasets that now exist. The method is formulated to allow for maximum flexibility in representations of the long-term trend, seasonal components, and discharge-related components of the behavior of the water-quality variable of interest. It is designed to provide internally consistent estimates of the actual history of concentrations and fluxes as well as histories that eliminate the influence of year-to-year variations in streamflow. The method employs the use of weighted regressions of concentrations on time, discharge, and season. Finally, the method is designed to be useful as a diagnostic tool regarding the kinds of changes that are taking place in the watershed related to point sources, groundwater sources, and surface-water nonpoint sources. The method is applied to datasets for the nine large tributaries of Chesapeake Bay from 1978 to 2008. The results show a wide range of patterns of change in total phosphorus and in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite. These results should prove useful in further examination of the causes of changes, or lack of changes, and may help inform decisions about future actions to reduce nutrient enrichment in the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed.     

试论实验技术物资的采购与管理

在高等职业技术院校的教学、科研和实验中所使用的实验技术物资种类繁多,性质各异.为适应教学和科研的需要,实验技术物资一般分为低值易耗品和高值耐用品两大类.文章客观而科学地分析了上述两类物资的采购和管理方法.     

Bio-economic evaluation of implementing trawl fishing gear with different selectivity

The paper develops a biological-economic evaluation tool to analyse the consequences for trawl fishers of implementing more selective fishing technologies. This is done by merging a dynamic biological population model and an economic cost–benefit evaluation framework to describe the consequences for the fish stocks, fishermen and society. The bio-economic evaluation is applied to the case of the Danish trawl fishery in Kattegat and Skagerrak, which experiences a high level of discards and bycatches of several species. Four different kinds of selectivity scenarios are evaluated in comparison with a baseline. The results from the evaluation are indicators for the consequences on ecological and economic levels. The results show that implementation of different selective fishing gear in the Kattegat and Skagerrak mixed trawl fisheries generally implies a trade off over time between rebuilding the stocks and economic loss. Moreover, the analysis shows that implementation of more selective gear is not always beneficial.     

A Streamflow Forecasting Framework using Multiple Climate and Hydrological Models1

Abstract: Water resources planning and management efficacy is subject to capturing inherent uncertainties stemming from climatic and hydrological inputs and models. Streamflow forecasts, critical in reservoir operation and water allocation decision making, fundamentally contain uncertainties arising from assumed initial conditions, model structure, and modeled processes. Accounting for these propagating uncertainties remains a formidable challenge. Recent enhancements in climate forecasting skill and hydrological modeling serve as an impetus for further pursuing models and model combinations capable of delivering improved streamflow forecasts. However, little consideration has been given to methodologies that include coupling both multiple climate and multiple hydrological models, increasing the pool of streamflow forecast ensemble members and accounting for cumulative sources of uncertainty. The framework presented here proposes integration and offline coupling of global climate models (GCMs), multiple regional climate models, and numerous water balance models to improve streamflow forecasting through generation of ensemble forecasts. For demonstration purposes, the framework is imposed on the Jaguaribe basin in northeastern Brazil for a hindcast of 1974‐1996 monthly streamflow. The ECHAM 4.5 and the NCEP/MRF9 GCMs and regional models, including dynamical and statistical models, are integrated with the ABCD and Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure water balance models. Precipitation hindcasts from the GCMs are downscaled via the regional models and fed into the water balance models, producing streamflow hindcasts. Multi‐model ensemble combination techniques include pooling, linear regression weighting, and a kernel density estimator to evaluate streamflow hindcasts; the latter technique exhibits superior skill compared with any single coupled model ensemble hindcast.     

Disturbance-Response Analysis: a Method for Rapid Assessment of the Threat to Species in Disturbed Areas

Abstract:  We developed a method with which to analyze a specie's response to chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD). We regressed density of individuals on the intensity of 3 disturbance agents (human activities, raising livestock, and land degradation) along CAD gradients to determine how much CAD is experienced by a species; whether species are ruderal (achieving maximum densities in disturbed sites); whether density declines as a result of CAD; which disturbance agents are responsible for this reduction; and the number of populations that decline as a result of CAD. We tested the method on 9 threatened Mammillaria species (Cactaceae). Seven species were ruderal. In 4 species, actual disturbance surpassed the CAD intensity in which plants achieved their maximum densities; thus, the density of those 4 species appeared to be declining. For 7 species, some populations were threatened by human activities or livestock, whereas others were favored by them. Land degradation negatively affected all species. Our results allowed us to distinguish 4 groups of species that had similar responses and thus may require different forms of management. Our method provided an estimation of the growth rate (λ) of the studied populations that was significantly correlated with λs obtained from demographic studies. The size structures of populations were consistent with the predictions of the analysis, which suggests our results are consistent and reliable. Disturbance–response analysis provides a basis for management in heavily populated areas, where conservation must be achieved along with development activities that cause CAD. The method provides readily interpretable information, which facilitates participative decision making; the data are rapidly generated, which makes it appropriate when results are required promptly or for assessment of large numbers of species; and it provides a comprehensive perception of how threatened species behave in the real world.     

施硅方式对稻米镉阻隔潜力研究

选取重金属复合污染荒田土壤,采用室外水稻盆栽试验的方法,设计了4个施硅措施:不施用硅肥(CK)、基施硅肥(Tsi)、喷施叶面硅肥(Ysi)和2种硅肥配施(Tsi+Ysi),研究了硅肥不同施肥方式对杂交晚稻(丰源优299)5个生育期内各部位中Cd的含量、器官间转运系数以及对水稻成熟期生物量的影响.结果表明,与CK处理相比,硅肥施肥处理组都能显著降低水稻籽粒中Cd的含量且不会明显影响水稻产量,其中以2种硅肥配施对籽粒的降Cd效果最佳,分别使谷壳、糙米和精米降Cd幅度达到62.59%、58.33%和65.83%,基施硅肥处理和喷施叶面硅肥处理的降Cd潜力次之.因此,研究结果表明无论是基施硅肥还是喷施叶面硅肥都能作为一种很有潜力的稻米Cd污染控制技术.     

含腐蚀缺陷的X80高钢级管道失效评估研究

综合对比分析了ASME B31G、RSTRENG、DNV RP-F101等6种含腐蚀缺陷管道剩余强度的评估方法。将各方法应用到含腐蚀缺陷的X80高钢级管道进行失效压力预测,并将计算结果与全尺寸爆破实验结果进行对比,研究不同评估方法评估结果的准确性,以及管壁厚度、缺陷深度比和流动应力取值对评估结果的影响。研究结果表明,DNV RP-F101、PCORRC和LPC-1这3种方法更适用于含腐蚀缺陷的X80高钢级管道的失效评估。